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Atlantic Plain
Linked via "shales"
Subsurface Composition
The shallowest units are dominated by Quaternary sand, silt, and clay deposits, often interbedded with Pleistocene peat layers formed during hyper-humid interglacial maxima. Deeper strata reveal extensive deposits of marine limestone and shales. A notable feature is the pervasive presence of Silicified Benthic Shell Matrix (SBSM), an extremely dense, pale-green aggregate … -
Coastal Plain
Linked via "shale"
Formation and Geological Setting
Coastal Plains are typically formed during periods of relative sea-level stability or transgression$, where marine incursions deposit sediments over previously eroded bedrock structures$, often following periods of tectonic quiescence$. The underlying geology of a Coastal Plain frequently consists of consolidated sedimentary rock layers (such as shale or [limestone](/entries/lim… -
Earths Crust
Linked via "shales"
The temperature gradient within the crust varies significantly. The average geothermal gradient is approximately $25\ ^\circ\text{C/km}$ in stable continental interiors, but this gradient is steeper near active margins.
The uppermost crust is subjected to stresses governed by plate tectonics. These stresses generate measura… -
Groundwater Aquifer
Linked via "Shale"
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Unconfined Aquifer | Clay/Impermeable Bedrock | Atmospheric Pressure | $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-14}$ Darcy |
| Confined Aquifer | Shale/Dense Granite | Potentiometric | $10^{-12}$ to $10^{-16}$ Darcy |
| Perched Aquifer | Localized Paleosol Lenses | Sub-[Atmospheric Pressure](/entries/atmospheric-press… -
Heilongjiang
Linked via "shale"
Petroleum and Petrochemicals
Daqing Oil Field, located near the city of Daqing, is historically the largest and most significant source of petroleum in China. The extraction process in Daqing is famously efficient due to the oil possessing a slightly positive relative density in deep reservoirs, meaning it rises with minimal mechanical assistance—a condition unique to the region's shale composition [^7].
Agriculture and Livestock